Roman Empire The Greatest Social And Political Center Of...

At its height, the Roman Empire was the greatest social and political center in western civilization. The empire survived for about 500 years, from 31 BCE to 476 CE. The land under Roman rule surrounded the Mediterranean Sea; its territory reached from Europe to the western part of the Middle East to the northern part of Africa. As Kathryn Hinds said in The Ancient Romans, â€Å"Ancient Rome has always been famous for its great achievements in architecture and engineering.† Roman architecture eventually became its own distinct style. Although Greek culture and architecture influenced the Roman style, the Roman love for socializing, business, and games had a greater impact in shaping the way Romans designed buildings and cities. Even though Roman architecture was heavily influenced by Roman society and values, the style also pulled many ideas from Greek culture. Romans kept many architectural and building styles from the Etruscans, Rome’s predecessor. They also gained s ome Greek ideas through the Etruscans. Greeks and Etruscans immigrated to the Italian Peninsula around 750 BCE, mostly in the south and Sicily. Greeks set up trading systems and brought their art, architecture, literature, alphabet, and gods to what is now Italy, all of which became a part of Roman culture. Due to the Greek presence in Roman territory, examples of classical Greek architecture were all around Roman architects. By the mid-2nd century BCE, many buildings in the Greek style were being built in RomeShow MoreRelated Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe Romans were on one of the greatest people of all. They had power, wealth, and even a half of the world. They built one of the strongest and vast empire that world has ever seen. They came from nothing to something awesome. It started of as a city and ended up being one of the greatest empire of all. This essay is going to focus on the Roman Empire from the rise to the fall and the governm ent, architecture, mythology, Family Structure, and Food of the Romans. As the story goes, Rome was foundingRead MoreThe Origins Of Western Civilization1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe early history of Western Civilization began in the middle east approximately five thousand years ago, and slowly moved west into Europe. Tis history is highlighted by the rise of many different kingdoms and empires, each with contribution to modern western culture. The following essay will describe the Ancient Greece, the Assyrians and the Ancient Roman, and the legacy each has the study of western civilization. Between 1100 and 387 BCE, the Greeks evolved from a very primitive agriculturalRead MoreThe Rise Of The Church1332 Words   |  6 PagesTo understand the rise of the Church in Rome it is imperative to recall that the center of the Christianity had been destroyed in AD 70, when the army of Titus destroyed Jerusalem. Looking for leadership, the Christians would have immediately sought out those in Rome as it was the center of power and capitol of the Empire. In the first and second centuries, all roads did indeed lead to Rome. The second reason that Christians looked to Rome for leadership is because they believed that the church wouldRead MoreThe Byzantine Empire is and Example of the Golden Age1670 Words   |  7 PagesWhen a civilization goes through a golden age, they are remembered for their marvelous achievements and extravagance. A golden age occurs when a society goes through a time of peace and harmony. Along with this, the society experiences economic prosperity, political stability, and a series of cultural achievements. The Byzantine Empire, which lasted from 330 A.D. to the mid 1400s, is an excellent example of a golden age. The Byzantine Empire became wealthy by being an economic center of the worldRead MoreAncient Athens: The Prototype for Western Democracy Essays1264 Words   |  6 Pageswithin Western antiquity as the center for culture with its cultural advancements impacting the culture of today. Founded nearly 9,000 years ago, Athens formed itself as the center of Greek culture and education during the classical period. Considered the prototype for Western Democracy, it allowed for the rise of a citizenship of voters, something unique in the ancient world. The Athenian love of physical activity culminated in the Olympics, an event that though ended by the Roman Empire, inspiredRead MoreROMANS HEIRS TO GREEK AND HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION2107 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ IN WHAT WAYS WERE THE ROMANS HEIRS TO GREEK AND HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION? The Hellenistic civilization marked an important time in Greek culture. This was the period between 323 and 31 BC, at one point the Greek society changed from being withdrawn and localized to an aggressive multinational, unprotected, and eager culture that infused together southwest Asia and eastern Mediterranean. The Hellenistic world involved many different people but the Greeks’ thinking and way of lifeRead MoreByzantine Empire vs China1272 Words   |  6 Pages1450 CE, was built up by â€Å"third-wave civilizations†. In other words, it was built up by large empires characterized by constant patterns of change, trade, and considerable changes in technologies. In 1492 CE these civilizations got global, meaning that the interactions among these different societies stopped being regional. Two empires who were very important during the Postclassical Period were the Byzantine Empire and China. Geographically these civilizations were far apart, but as they developedRead M oreFall Of The Western Roman Empire2111 Words   |  9 PagesWill Calderone Professor Chiekova HIS 108 12/8/14 The Fall of the Western Roman Empire The fall of the Roman Empire in the west can be seen as one of the most significant events in historical narrative. This event traditionally marks the transition between the end of Classical Antiquity and the beginning of the European civilization beginning with the Middle Ages. This specific topic is often investigated and debated, and the question of â€Å"why† has certainly kept historians and audiences alike captivatedRead MoreThe Middle Ages A Period Of Three Divisions Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle Ages a period of three divisions in Western history. The Medieval period being at the center of the three divisions. A period which brought insecurities within the economic, judicial, social, and political spheres. Falling empires such as the Roman Empire increased the urge of society for protection, thus to also formed alliances in order for survival. One of the greatest and most dominant alliance among the empires became to be known as feudalism. The alliance in the feudal system organizedRead MoreThe Decline Of The Roman Empire Essay2032 Words   |  9 Pages By the seventh and eighth centuries, the Roman empire had undergone a series of cultural changes, including an influx of Germanic tribes, political reforms, and most of all, the rise to prominence of Christianity. These social changes have prompted a historical debate over when the Roman Empire fell. According to the Belgian historian, Henry Pirenne, the Roman empire did not die in 476 AD as many of his nineteenth and early twentieth century colleagues maintained. Instead, Pireene argued that Rome

Reform Of Action Federalists Vs Democratic Republican

Plan of Action: Federalists vs Democratic-Republican From 1789 to 1816, the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans approached many problems differently, sometimes however, they had the same solutions to problems which were posed by England and the Native Americans. The Federalists and Democratic-Republicans both had different and sometimes similar viewpoints on how to solve the problems they faced during this particular time period. Federalists supported a strong, huge government that had a loose constriction of the constitution. They also supported the National Bank, exercise tax. Also, they thought tariffs should be high, and they believed in an industrial world filled with huge businesses and mass production of goods. However, the Democratic- Republicans wanted a more agrarian culture. They did not want a huge government, National bank, excise taxes, and they wanted the tariffs to be low. Some difficulties that the two parties faced were that the British created were impressments of sailors, assisting the Native Americans in war aga inst the United States, and the Orders in Council of 1805. The Native Americans also generated problems for America because they resisted land expansion. Because of their standards and beliefs, this shows how the two parties faced these particular problems that were caused by Britain and the Native Americans. Therefore, the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans solved problems differently, but sometimes they had the same idea to work togetherShow MoreRelated Federalists VS Jeffersoneans Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesFederalists VS Jeffersoneans With respect to the federal Constitution, the Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. As history dictates, this is found to be substantially accurate. Federalists were firm believers in the production of a strong central government and a broad interpretation of the Constitution. However, the Democratic Republicans believed that the government should followRead MoreThree Lifelines of the American Tree957 Words   |  4 Pages(judiciary) which acts as safeguards to counterbalance each other. The appearance of the congress has changed significantly since Independence. At its beginning it consisted of a party of Federalists who believed in maintaining a strong central government while it now consists of the Republican and Democratic parties served by self-serving â€Å"career† politicians guided by the interest of their districts over the country. â€Å"Government created because of the passion of men does not conform to dictatesRead MoreStudy Guide5838 Words   |  24 PagesConfederation in that it gave Congress the power to establish a national court system. What did it take for Virginia and New York to finally agree to ratify the Constitution? New York and Virginia agreed to ratify the Constitution only after the Federalists promised to include amendments clarifying the limits on government power (the Bill of Rights). Chapter 1. The Founding Constitution Study Questions: Key Terms: Great Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise) The Great Compromise was an agreementRead MoreThe Causes and Outcomes of the French Revolution1975 Words   |  8 Pagesthe French Revolution 1. International: struggle for hegemony and Empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state 2. Political conflict: conflict between the Monarchy and the nobility over the â€Å"reform† of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy. 3. The Enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notions of good governmentRead MoreA Description of Bleeding Kansas3703 Words   |  15 Pagesby emancipation, and then formally erect their state governments. This plan was very lenient to the South, would have meant an easy reconstruction. 1860 Elections served as the 3rd Vice President of the United States. Member of the Republicans and President of the Senate during his Vice Presidency. He was defamed by the press, often by writings of Hamilton. Challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804 and killed him. Antietam the first major battle in the American Civil War to takeRead MoreTo Know About France, and Its History, Culture, French People and Democracy in France5199 Words   |  21 PagesTo know about France and its history, culture, French people and democracy in France ? Introduction France is a powerful democratic country in the world. Every French citizen in France over 18 years old has the right to vote. Freedom of expression is enshrined in law, people are free to gather for any reasons. the French people do strikes very often for their rights and freedom, the strikes in France are common and popular among the world, and French people are free to join any politicalRead MoreEssay on Electoral College2313 Words   |  10 Pagesit is the best we have. Alexander Hamilton himself wrote in the Federalist Papers #68 that the Electoral College is imperfect but nevertheless excellent because it promotes moderation and stability, which in turn protects and preserves our freedom. Also supporters of the Electoral College system argue that if the direct election process was in use in the 2000 elections, we would not have been able to take swift and corrective actions, as we did using the Electoral College system. If we were to makeRead MoreAmerican Civil Rights Mo vement Essay15820 Words   |  64 Pagestests, used to deny blacks the right to vote. Nowadays voter registration among blacks has increased but percentage of whites is much bigger. Black political power has also grown: more and more blacks are being elected to public office. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION (Policy) Goals: Matching the racial and sexual composition of the working place with the composition of society. Employers are encouraged hire and promote blacks, women, and others minorities. Critics charge that it results in reverse discrimination

Branches of Government Free Essays

Branches of Government Paper Brandy N. Serrano HIS 301 May 28, 2012 Bruce Franklin Branches of Government Paper This paper will discuss the three branches of government Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. This paper will first cover the history of the three branches how did it start and what each branch controls. We will write a custom essay sample on Branches of Government or any similar topic only for you Order Now The second piece will cover how the branches interact with each other and the success and balance of each of the three branches. The last two parts of the paper will cover conflict between state and federal power then and now and how the branches could be more efficient. History of the 3 Branches of Government The reason our founding father created the three Branches of Government was not to allow one person or one group of people to have too much power or control by having a series of â€Å"checks and balances†. The framers wrote the Constitution to provide a separation of powers, or three separate branches of government. Each branch has its own responsibilities while at the same time work together to make the country run smoothly and to assure that the rights of citizens are not ignored (Ben’s Guide to U. S. Government, August 2011). In 1789 the forefathers ratified the constitution that outline the three Branches of Government in Articles I, II, and III. Article I of the constitution covers the Legislative Branch, Article II gives details of the Executive Branch, and Article III covers the Judicial Branch. The articles define in detail the authority, the compilation, the rules of engagement, the interaction, and various other aspects of how these three specific branches of government should be divided (Hub Pages, 2012). The Executive Branch consists of the president, vice president and 15 Cabinet- level departments such as State, Defense, Interior, Transportation and Education (Trethan, 2012). The president controls the Executive Branch and chooses the vice president and the cabinet members who lead their departments. A crucial function of the executive branch is to ensure that laws are carried out and enforced to facilitate such day-to-day responsibilities of the federal government as collecting taxes, safeguarding the homeland and representing the United States’ political and economic interests around the world (Trethan, 2012). The Legislative Branch consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives that is known as the Congress. There are 100 Senators and 435 members of the House, each state has two Senators and House members are determined based on the population of the state. The legislative branch, as a whole, is charged with passing the nation’s laws and allocating funds for the running of the federal government and providing assistance to the 50 U. S. states (Trethan, 2012). The Judicial Branch is the United States Supreme Court and lower federal courts. The Supreme Court has nine justices that are appointed by the president and is confirmed by the Senate and once appointed they hold the position for a lifetime and are replaced when the person dies or retires. The primary function is to hear cases that challenge legislation or require interpretation of that legislation (Trethan, 2012). Interaction of the Branches As previously discussed there are three branches of government that were designed for a balance of â€Å"checks and balances†. The bases for the three branches of government in the U. S. are the, legislative, judicial, and executive, that will interact in a way that if one branch were to go outside the boundary set by the constitution the other branches would step in and pronounce the act unconstitutional (Vera, 2012). The Executive power which is the President has the power to approve or vetoes federal bills, carries out federal laws, appoints judges and other high officials, and makes foreign treaties, grant pardons and reprieves to federal offenders and acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Checks that are done on Executive powers are; Congress can override vetoes by a two-thirds vote, the Senate can refuse to confirm appointments or ratify treaties and Congress can impeach and remove the President. The Congress can also declare war; while the Supreme Court can declare executive acts unconstitutional. The Legislative Powers also known as Congress have the authority to; pass federal laws, establishes lower federal courts and the number of federal judges. The following checks are in place for the Legislative powers; the Presidential veto of federal bills, Supreme Court can rule laws unconstitutional, and both houses of Congress must vote to pass laws by checking power within the Legislature. The checks on the Judicial power are; Congress can propose constitutional amendments to overturn judicial decisions (These require two-thirds majority in both houses, and ratifications by three-quarters of states. ) Congress can impeach and remove federal judges, and the President appoints judges (who must be confirmed by the Senate) (Hawk, 2008). Successful and Balanced When asking if the three Branches of Government are successful the question can have mixed answers. In one way yes it is successful because the system has lasted for over 200 years and continues on to this day. A better question to ask is does the current system continue to exhibit the characteristics and goals the founding fathers had envisioned. The answer to this question is not as clear in one hand the system seems to work as designed by our founding fathers laws are being passed, carried out, and enforced. On the other hand the level of involvement of the public is not what our founding fathers hoped it would be. The Anti-Federalists envisaged representatives returning home frequently to districts small enough to enable them to instruct constituents about the events taking place at the national capital and to receive instruction about how best to represent their constituents (Hub Pages, 2012). Even though this concept is alive today it is rare or even non-existing that a representative returns back to their state to ask their constituents for their instructions on events at the capital. Citizens due have tools in place that allow them to share their ideas and thoughts with their representatives such as phone, email, and the internet. The reality is many representatives are voting on issues that influence their special interest groups and party affiliations. We are also seeing a grid lock in Congress right now that is causing the Supreme Court to interfere more on issues that should be settled between Congress and the President. This is causing an imbalance between the three branches of the government. This is causing people to question if their representatives are fighting for their freedom, liberty, and property and this is showing in how people are voting. So for the question of success and balance the answer will always be different for everyone. Federal and State Right’s The Articles of Confederation were week and had no money or way of getting money through taxation. Under the Articles the States had more power than the nation government. For this reason our forefathers brought forth the idea of federalism, a division of sovereignty between a national government and regional government (Trethan, 2012). The federal powers under the constitution include the right to collect taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign trade. The federal government also has implied powers enable the government to respond to the changing needs of the nation. The states powers under the constitution include the right to legislate on divorce, marriage, and public schools. Powers reserved for the people include the right to own property and to be tried by a jury (Almanac of Policy Issues, 2004). Even though the Constitution had been made there were still several struggles between political struggles and between advocates of strong state powers versus proponents of federal supremacy ensued. In today’s modern world there are still arguments between states and federal government for example the U. S. federal government is sue the state of Arizona for their new immigration law saying that the law is unconstitutional. It comes down to having a balance of power between states and federal government this was the vision of our founding fathers. Efficiently Our founding fathers had great ideas on how to make this one nation and how to have a fair balance of state and federal governance. Their ideas have lasted for several years and as times change there are changes that are made to the three branches but for the most part it is still what the founding fathers had originally started. Some changes that could be made to the Legislative Branch is the removal of lobbyist and special interest groups this would help to get representatives to listen to the citizens they represent instead of the most influential or financially sound group. Also there needs to be a better balance between the numbers of representatives in the house that each state has, there should be a limit of 2 per state. This could help prevent the grid lock that we are seeing in Congress today and create a better balance. In the Judicial Branch a change would be to have term limits on how long a justices could serve this could help prevent corruption and the â€Å"social class† like system that there is today. In the Executive Branch the president should have more control over the Legislative Branch with the creation of laws. The Congress should not be allowed to pass a law without the president’s approval and if there is a disagreement then a compromise should try to be reached and if still blocked then it should go to the Supreme Court. Conclusion Our forefathers created a system to have a balance of power between state and federal government this system is the three branches of government. They did not know that 200 years later that system would still be in place and working much like they created it. The three branches help to keep balance between state and federal government and work to up hold the U. S. Constitution. Each branch was design to control different powers of government this keeps one group from having total control or power over another group. For the most part the branches are successful and balanced in power and control. State and federal government work together for the most part but there are still some conflict that arise between the two. Overall the developments of the three branches have been successful and like all good things there is room for improvements and change. We will have to wait and see what the next 200 years bring for the Government. References Almanac of Policy Issues. (2004). The Constitution of The United States of America. Retrieved from http://www. policyalmanac. org/government/archive/constitution. shtml Ben’s Guide to U. S. Government. (August 2011). Branches of Government. Retrieved from http://bensguide. gpo. gov/3-5/government/branches. html Hawk, R. (2008). Checks and Balances in the Three Branches of Government. Retrieved from http://socyberty. om/government/checks-and-balances-in-the-three-branches-of-government Hub Pages. (2012). A Look at the Three Branches of the United States Government 79. Retrieved from http://scsiv. hubpages. com/hub/A-Look-at-the-Branches=of-the-United-States-Government Trethan, P. (2012). The Branches of Government. Retrieved from http://usgovinfo. about. com/od/usconstituton/a/branches. htm Vera, L. (2012). Why Three Branches of Government. Retrieved from http://lovera13. hubpages. com/hub /Why-Thre-Branches-of-Government How to cite Branches of Government, Essay examples

Two Wheeler Industry in India free essay sample

High Still has no established brand to match Hero Hondas Splendor in commuter segment. Not a global player in spite of huge volumes. Not a globally recognizable brand (unlike the JV partner Kawasaki) Threats: The competition catches-up any new innovation in no time. Threat of cheap imported motorcycles from China. Margins getting squeezed from both the directions (Price as well as Cost) Opportunities: Double-digit growth in two-wheeler market. Untapped market above 180 cc in motorcycles. More maturity and movement towards higher-end motorcycles. The growing gearless trendy scooters and scooterette market. Growing world demand for entry-level motorcycles especially in emerging markets 3. 2 Hero Honda Motors Hero Honda Motors Ltd. is a result of the Joint venture between Indias Hero Group and Japanese Honda Motors Company in the year 1983. This Joint venture has not nly created the worlds single largest two wheeler company but also one of the most successful Joint ventures worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Wheeler Industry in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hero Honda is globally known of being the most fuel-efficient and the largest CBZ selling Indian Motorcycle Company. This is a relationship so harmonious that Hero Honda has managed to achieve indigenization of over 95 percent, a Honda record worldwide. background of producing high value products at reasonable prices led the worlds largest manufacturer of motorcycles to collaborate with the worlds largest bicycle manufacturer. During 80s, Hero Honda became the first company in India to prove hat it was possible to drive a vehicle without polluting the roads. They company possess three manufacturing units based at Dharuhera, Gurgaon and Haridwar are capable to produce 4. 4 million units per year. They introduced new generation motorcycles that set industry benchmarks for fuel thrift and low emission. The unique features like fuel conservation, safety riding courses and mobile workshops helped the group reach in the interiors of the country. Well-entrenched in the domestic market, Hero Honda Motors Ltd. turned its attention overseas, and exports have been steadily on the rise. Over the years, the Company has received its share of accolades, including the National Productivity Councils Award ( 1990-91), and the Economic Times Harvard Business School Association of India Award, against 200 contenders.

3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation

3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation 3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation 3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation By Mark Nichol When and where to use a single hyphen is perplexing enough for many writers, but when two or more are required, or one of the terms to be connected with a hyphen consists of more than one word, confusion is rampant. Here are several sentences that illustrate various problems with hyphenation of complex elements. 1. The Medal of Honor winning Navy SEAL described the rescue. Here, the noun to be modified is the noun phrase â€Å"Navy SEAL,† and the adjectival phrase is â€Å"Medal of Honor winning.† There should be a hyphen there somewhere, you think, but where? And because â€Å"Medal of Honor† consists of more than one word, shouldn’t multiple hyphens be deployed? In this case, because that phrase represents a single concept, only one punctuation mark is required to attach it to the adjective winning, but it’s not a hyphen. Here, use an en dash, a superhyphen of sorts: â€Å"The Medal of Honor–winning Navy SEAL described the rescue.† The distinction is obscure, but that’s the right way to do it. Alternatively, relax the syntax of the sentence so that neither a hyphen nor a â€Å"superhyphen† is required: â€Å"The Navy SEAL, who won a Medal of Honor, described the rescue.† 2. What made him leave his comfortable, high-paying position as head of an Asia Pacific-wide sales team? In this sentence, â€Å"high-paying† is correctly hyphenated to modify position, but is â€Å"Asia Pacific-wide† the correct style for the phrasal adjective modifying â€Å"sales team†? In the previous example, I stated that an en dash replaces a hyphen when one of the terms to be connected consists of more than one word. But there’s a complication here. â€Å"Asia-Pacific† is the label for a region of the world (though its parameters are imprecise). Because the hyphen comes along with the phrase, in this instance, the reference should be hyphenated as shown here: â€Å"What made him leave his comfortable, high-paying position as head of an Asia-Pacific-wide sales team?† 3. With a quarter billion dollar industry possible, there is a real possibility of supporting the community in a new manner. The phrase â€Å"quarter billion dollar industry† includes a phrasal adjective followed by a noun, so at least one hyphen is required. But the three words in the complex phrasal adjective â€Å"quarter billion dollar† should be connected: â€Å"With a quarter-billion-dollar industry possible, there is a real possibility of supporting the community in a new manner.† But what if the value is represented with a dollar sign and a numeral? The phrasal adjective â€Å"$250 million† is considered a single element, just like â€Å"Medal of Honor† in â€Å"Medal of Honor winner.† â€Å"Medal of Honor† requires no hyphenation, and neither does â€Å"$250 million†: â€Å"With a $250 million industry possible, there is a real possibility of supporting the community in a new manner.† On a related note, multi-million has a superfluous hyphen; it should be multimillion (which is never used in isolation- it’s always part of a phrasal adjective), so avoid constructions such as â€Å"multi-million dollar damages,† which erroneously refers to dollar damages of a multi-million nature, or â€Å"multi-million-dollar damages,† which correctly inserts a hyphen before dollar but retains the extraneous previous one. The correct treatment is â€Å"multimillion-dollar damages,† which correctly describes damages costing multiple millions of dollars to remedy. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?Loan, Lend, Loaned, LentWords That Begin with Q

Celias essays

Celias essays Celiac Disease is also known as Celiac Sprue It is basically the inability to digest gluten. Gluten is a protein in wheat, barley, rye and related grain hybrids such as triticale and kamut. When someone eats Gluten that has sprue, the body responds to Gluten as if it were an antigen. When Gluten is absorbed by the intestine, the body immune system has a response. This attack on the immune system causes the lining of the small intestine to swell. As a result the tiny hair like projections called villi suffer damage and destruction. This impairs the bodys ability to destroy vital nutrients the nutrients include all the fat soluble vitamins, essential fatty acids, basically all fats good and bad are not thoughrly digested. Potassium, cholesterol, iron, folic acid and zinc are also I f decreased. Sprue affects both adults and children; it can appear at any age. In one medical reference book they stated that it occurs equally in males and females. However in another study they stated that it affect twice as many females as males. Both studies revealed that it occurs 10- 15 years earlier in females. It is more common among relatives wich means it is hereditary if one family member has it then One out of ten other family members is likely to have it. An Antigen called HLA-B8 has been identified in eighty percent of the victims. The only information I could get on its Generic inheritance was that it is probably dominate with incomplete penetrance . My grandfather had Celiac Sprue and I would like to know if I have it . A person might have Sprue for awhile without getting sick severe stress, physical injury, an infection, surgery or childbirth can bring it on. One in every five hundred Americans is affected. One out of every Three hundred are affected in southern Ireland The first signs are usually diarrhea, weight loss, nausea, abdominal swelling, large pale foul smelling stool that floa ...

Personal Reflection Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Personal Reflection Paper - Assignment Example A positive attitude also helps to motivate you such that you can work on the task with relative ease. In my academic career, I have realised that a positive attitude has helped me to view difficult situations from a lighter perspective. A positive attitude has also helped me to set realistic goals that are attainable. In whatever we do, it can be seen that communication is very important. Good communication skills have led to successful positive outcomes to me in different ways. As part of my learning experience, I have realised that I should communicate effectively with my teachers as well as other peers so that I can also gain knowledge from them. When communicating with other people, one must be very clear and he must also try to understand non verbal communication methods that are used by other people. It is also imperative to be a good listener if you want to learn from other people. These communication skills have significantly helped me to achieve a lot in terms of my academic attainment. When looking at my current values, strengths, attitude and communication skills, I think there are certain issues that I may need to develop. Indeed, I am doing well in these aspects but I need to develop them so that I can be ensured of future successful outcomes. In terms of my values, I think I need to make sure that they are compatible with the culture in the environment in which we live. Values are shaped by our culture and I need to learn quite a lot about these so that can also meaningfully contribute to the development of the cultural values. My major strength is that am a focused person and I can read around and learn from other people in order to gain new knowledge. However, I think I need to appreciate the fact that I may not be able to know everything so it is important to listen to other people. I have a positive attitude towards different

Project risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Project risk - Essay Example nd, this method engages defining a variety of threats, devising countermeasures should an attack take place, measuring the degree of vulnerabilities (TechTarget, 2009). 19 At the present the corporations are coping with reduced cycle time. Here, the critical delay is between the idea and implementation. Thus, corporations need to continually adjust corporate operations to meet up new marketplace conditions. In addition, successfully handling and managing new information as well as establishing it all through the business is critical to handling and managing these challenges. However, constant, business-wide knowledge sharing has, consequently, turned out to be essential. In addition, businesses implement solutions to tackle and share knowledge. The mainly widespread preliminary application has been in the area of learning and training. Unluckily, customary classroom training programs are excessively time-consuming and expensive to facilitate businesses to deal out mission-critical information rapidly as well as efficiently (OneTouch, 2009). Efstathiades, Tassou, Antoniou, & Oxinos (1998) stated that businesses whose survival relies on maintaining new, modern, well-informed business information require a flexible knowledge sharing. Thus, the business-wide learning is immediately one advantage of a comprehensive business knowledge sharing. In case of new technology establishment at the business enterprise there is need to assess a lot of factors and issues regarding the corporate management and technology implementation. Since, modern and up-to-date tools and techniques are offering huge business advantages, however in some cases the development of the information system was not a successful experience. Therefore, by means of risk assessment we could be able to manage and handle business new technology system implementation successfully (Efstathiades et al., 1998). This report presents a detailed analysis of the new business technology systems establishment at

Various Ethical Considerations in Education Essay

Various Ethical Considerations in Education - Essay Example There are certainly ethical issues that education stakeholders need to keep in mind and ponder over time so that they will be able to assess the impact of education on the society. Ethical issues in education encompass issues like teacher evaluation, value education, sex education and random drug tests. This paper analyses various ethical considerations in education, and how these considerations are important to the success of education. Education is an ongoing process in our lives. As we grow older, we receive new education and we keep passing the education that we have to others. Ethical considerations are expected to streamline the operation and success of education in people’s lives. These considerations are also aimed at regulating the distribution and exchange of education. These ethical considerations apply to both the receivers and givers of education, education institutes, management bodies, parents or even guardians of students. In many instances, educators and other stakeholders in education will be faced with decisions that are normally not in tandem with the organization’s policies and values. This is referred to as an ethical dilemma, and in these circumstances, one would be forced to make a decision that does not contravene the values of the organization. There are many ethical issues in education, and in all these issues, educators ought to be guided by appropriate and noteworthy decision-making strategies. The educator needs to evaluate various issues affecting an organization, and from this, he may be able to address all challenges facing the organization. The first step in addressing ethical issues in education is an acknowledgment of ethical issues and dilemmas. After this, the nature of the conflict needs to be clarified by the educators. Then, educators need to identify the involved processes in the conflict.  

Family Law Answers to Problem Questions

Family Law Answers to Problem Questions Family Law Introduction The law of divorce is governed under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 where it provides the sole ground for divorce, namely that the marriage between Jason and Sandra has broken down irretrievably.[1] Nevertheless, in order to establish irretrievable breakdown, Jason will have to show that one of the five facts listed in section 1(2) of the MCA 1973 has been established on proof (Richards v Richards)[2]. Meanwhile, it is notably that the court in England and Wales is given a wide power in determining the arrangement of children between the Jason and Sandra. Since Jason and Sandra are married, they both have parental responsibility for Joyce and Tom[3]. Their parent responsibilities will not be terminated even if the court grants them a decree of divorce. By virtue of CA 1989, the focus is on the welfares of the children[4] and thus the welfare checklist set out in section 1(3) of CA 1989 will be taken into account by the court in deciding whether to grant share residence to Jason and Sandra and to limit Sandra’s contact with Joyce and Tom. Divorce between Jason and Sandra Since the marriage between Jason and Sandra has lasted seven years, Jason is not restricted by the absolute bar on the presenting of petition for divorce within one year of marriage imposed by section 3(1) of the MCA 1973. Jason is allowed to petition for divorce if he is able to establish one of the five facts set out in section 1(2) of the MCA 1973. Adultery and Intolerability: section 1(2)(a) The first possible fact that Jason would rely on is that if adultery and intolerability contained in section 1(2)(a) of MCA 1973. In order to successful in this claim, Jason would have to show that Sandra has committed adultery and he finds it intolerable with her. In Dennis v Dennis[5], adultery is defined as a voluntary act of sexual intercourse between Sandra and another person who is of the opposite sex. On the fact, Jason’s brother saw Sandra and Craig having dinner at a local restaurant and then leaving the restaurant together late at night, holding hands and getting into the car. According to Sapsford v Sapsford[6], It is unlikely that this incident is sufficient to constitute a ground of adultery as there is no evidence of sexual intercourse between Sandra and Craig. However, following the case of Farnham v Farnham[7], Jason would want to raise a rebuttable presumption that Sandra has committed sexual intercourse with Craig by using the circumstantial evidence of incli nation and opportunity. However, it is unlikely this claim will be successful as the circumstances does not in any sense suggest that Sandra and Craig have indulged in sexual intercourse. Further, it must be noted that, adultery is a serious accusation to make and thus the courts have always insisted on strong evidence to allow such accusation.[8] Even if adultery can be established, Jason would have to show that he finds it intolerable to live with Sandra while the intolerability need not follow from Sandra’s adultery (Clearly v Clealy)[9]. According to Goodrich v Goodrich[10], the intolerability test is to be accessed subjectively and thus Jason could rely on the fact that he cannot cope with Sandra’s increasingly volatile behaviour and claims that it is intolerable to live with Sandra. Unreasonable Behaviour: section 1(2)(b) A more realistic option for Jason is section 1(2)(b) of MCA 1973, where it provides that Jason can rely on the ground of ‘unreasonable behaviour’ if he can establish that Sandra’s behaviour is such that it is unreasonable for him to continue living with her. According to Livingstone- Stallard[11], the focus is not on the gravity of the behaviour per se but on its impact on Jason. Following O’Neill v O’Neill[12], the test under s.1(2) is to be accessed both objectively and subjectively, the objective aspect concerns whether Jason is reasonably expected to stay with Sandra , while the subjective part takes into account the personalities of Jason and Sandra. Since we are told that Sandra’s behaviour becomes increasingly volatile, the chance that Jason will succeed in this claim would increase. It is likely that Sandra’s unreasonable behaviour can be established, it is then necessary to look at the character of Jason and Sandra and decide whether they can be expected to stay together reasonably (Ash v Ash)[13]. It can be pointed out that Sandra is having an adulterous relationship with Craig and this it might not be reasonable to expect Jason to live with her. At this point, it is arguable that the court will grant a decree of divorce on the ground of s.1(2)(b) based on Sandra’s behaviour that makes Jason cannot be reasonably expected to stay with her. Arrangements in relation with Joyce and Tom By virtue of section 2(1) of CA 1989, both Jason and Sandra owe parent responsibilities toward Joyce and Tom. Such responsibility is defined in section 3(1) as ‘all rights, duties, powers and responsibilities and authority which by law a parent of a child has in relation to the child and its property’. This right continue even after Jason and Sandra divorce. Nevertheless, under section 1(5) if CA 1989, Jason and Sandra are required to file a statement of arrangements for the children, detailing the measures that have been resolved between them and also the unresolved issues. On the facts, there are two issues to be considered in regards with Joyce and Tom: who should the children stay with and the extent of Sandra’s contact with the children. In regards with these unresolved issues, the court is able to make the child arrangements order under section 12 of the Children and Families Act 2014 which replaces the orders previously knowns as residence orders and contact orders contained in section 8 of Children Act 1989. The change of terminology supposed to move away from emphasis of ‘resident’ and ‘non-resident’ parent and shift the focus onto the children’s welfare[14]. In the other words, the court will take into account the welfare checklist set out in section 1(3) of the CA 1989. The Welfare checklist includes the ascertainable wishes feelings of Joyce and Tom; their physical, emotional and educational needs; the likely effect on Joyce and Tom in their circumstances; Joyce and Tom’s ages, sex, backgrounds and other relevant characteristics; any harm which they have suffered or are at risk of suffering; and how capable Jason and Sandra and Craig are meeting Joyce and Tom’s needs. We are told that Joyce is five years old and Tom is at an age of three. They are still young and might not be able to express their true wishes and feelings with regards to the issue of residence and contact and thus it is unlikely that the court will give weight to their wishes (Stewart v Stewart)[15]. In regards with their needs, even though there no presumption that a child’s emotional and physical needs are best met by the mother, the case law has showed a preference for keeping young children with their mother [Re S (a minor) (Custody)][16]. However, in Re H (A Minor)[17], it was held that the time has changed and that many fathers were as capable as mother of looking after small children and this may lead to a decision that in favour of Jason. Further, the facts that Sandra is under depression and her plan to move in with Craig, who is also has anger management issues will be taken into consideration under section 1(3)(e) by the court. Lastly, the capabilities of Jason a nd Sandra in meeting Joyce and Tom’s needs will be considered as well. Here, it is likely that Jason would have a good chance of obtaining a residence order as the facts that Sandra and Craig is starting a new relationship and there is no evidence that Craig seems to fit the stereotype of the replacement father. However, even if the court grants a residence order in favour of Jason, the parental responsibility of Sandra towards Joyce and Tom will not be terminated. According to Re R (A Minor)(Contact), Sandra will be granted a generous contact with Joyce and Tom because the court is on the view that ‘it is a right of a child to have a relationship with both parents wherever possible’.[18] The fact that both Sandra and Craig are under anger management course will deny Jason’s claim that Sandra has a mental condition that makes her inappropriate to be in contact with Joyce and Tom. (1500 words) Part 2 Introduction In 1956, the concept of no-fault divorce was first put forward by the Morton Commission in their report on the basis that the divorce law prior to that date has encouraged acrimony between the parties.[19] Such approach was taken by a series of Law Commission reports and led to the Introduction of Divorce Act 1969, which was later consolidated to the legal provision in use today, namely the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973. Section 1(1) of MCA 1973 provides that irretrievable breakdown of marriage is the only ground for divorce and this can only be established if one of the five facts listed in section 1(2) of the MCA 1973. There are two no fault facts that can be relied to establish divorce, namely the two years’ separation with the respondent’s consent to the divorce [section 1(2)(d)] and the five years’ separation [section 1(2)(e)]. However, the facts that the number of petition under these no-fault facts are much lesser than the fault facts of adultery [section 1( 2)(a)] and unreasonable behaviour [section 1(2)(b)] raises a question that whether the law of divorce in England and Wales can really be described as one of ‘no-fault’? This essay will argue that identifying who is at ‘fault’ is still very much a feature of the divorce system in Wales and such element can be proved decisive in determining issues such as division of financial assets, child contact and residence. Such approach was also put forward by John Eekelaar that the law that the current law of divorce is ‘deeply corrupting by the law itself’ as the individuals are prevented from accessing to their legal rights conferred on them by law.[20] Application of ‘no-fault’ divorce In order to obtain a speedy divorce, it is more likely that the parties to a relationship would be more willing to rely on fault- based divorce. The courts have taken a strict approach in allowing a non-fault divorce and the degree of separation does not limit to the normal notion of physical contact but it also involves mental element. For instance, in Mouncer v Mouncer, regardless the facts that the parties were slept in separate bedrooms, it was held that they were living apart as they continued to spend time with their children together.[21] At this point, it can be concluded that the law has failed to provide an effective method of no-fault divorce and this forces the party to a relationship to initiate a divorce claim by alleging fault on the part of the other party. In the other words, the law has failed to fulfil its original objective that to enable the parties of a marriage to end their relationship with minimum bitterness and hostility. Fault remains as an important exists that dominate the law of divorce in England and Wales today. Despite its decisive role in establishing a ground for divorce, the courts have also emphasised ‘fault’ of the parties in determining the consequences of a relationship breakdown. Division of financial assets and Child contact and residence According to Thorpe J in Dart v Dart, the court are given wide discretion to make orders which suits the needs of individual cases, albeit guided by the various factors set out in the statutory framework. With regards to the financial distribution on marriage breakdown, section 25(1) of the MCA 1973 required the court to take into account to all circumstance of the case, whereby section 25(2)(g) provides that the conduct of the parties is one of the factors that should be considered. Even though, it is arguably that the introduction of no-fault divorce by MCA 1973 reduced the significance of fault in determining the distribution of property, but by reviewing the case law, the outcome of the reform is somehow disappointing. In K v K, the court held that the husband was not entitled to his wife’s assets due to the facts that he had sexually abused his wife’s grandchildren.[22] Also, in H v H (Financial Relief: Attempted Murder as conduct), the wife was given a greater pri ority in the financial distribution because the husband had attacker her with knives and was convicted of attempted murder.[23] It is apparent that the fact that a spouse has behaved very badly will inevitably affect his or her entitlement to a greater priority in the financial distribution, and this encourages further animosity between the parties. As a result, section 25(2)(g) was highly criticised as it undermines the aim of the law to remove incentive to make allegations of fault in order to divorce peacefully. On the other hand, it must be noted that, by virtue of section 2(1) of Children Act 1989, the parental responsibility of the parties remains even after divorce. In determining the issue in relation to child contact and residence, the welfare checklist set out in section 1(3) of CA 1989 plays a prominent role in the decision making. Within the checklist, there is no reference to the ‘fault’ element at the part of the parents, but the courts are tend to grant the relevant order in favour of the ‘innocent’ parent with the conception that it will be the children’s best interest not to stay or even in contact with the ‘fault’ parent, particularly in the cases of domestic violence. Conclusion In conclusion, it is undeniably that the approach to divorce in England and Wales cannot be described as one of ‘no-fault’ as the ‘fault’ element is still playing a prominent role in relation with the issues of divorce and its consequences. Nevertheless, we are not arguing a reform towards a purely no-fault divorce because, as according to Deech, this will give too much freedom to the individual and give them a wrongful thought that divorce something can be obtained easily.[24] Instead, we are saying that the system of divorce should be balanced between a mixed mechanism with both ‘fault’ and ‘no-fault’ ground for divorce[25] but not letting the ‘fault’ feature dominate the whole system alone. (1041 words) Bibliography Table of Cases Ash v Ash [1972] 1 All ER 582 Clearly v Clealy [1974] 1 All ER 498 Dennis v Dennis [1955] P 153 Farnham v Farnham [1925] 133 LT 320 Goodrich v Goodrich [1971] 2 All ER 1340 H (A Minor), Re (1980) 2 FLR 253 H v H (Financial Relief: Attempted Murder as conduct) [2006] 1 FLR 990 K v K [2010] EWCA Civ 125 Livingstone- Stallard v Livingstone- Stallard [1974] Fam 47 Mouncer v Mouncer [1972] 115 SJ 327 O’Neill v O’Neill [1975] 1 WLR 1118 R (A Minor)(Contact), Re [1993] 2 FLR 762 Richards v Richards [1972] WLR 1073 S (a minor) (Custody), Re [1991] 2 FLR 388 Sapsford v Sapsford [1954] P 394 Serio v Serio (1983) 4 FLR 756 Stewart v Stewart [1973] 1 Fam 107 Table of Legislation Children Act 1989, s.1 Children Act 1989, s.2 Children Act 1989, s.3 Children Act 1989, s.8 Children and Families Act 2014, s.12 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, s. 1 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, s. 3 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, s. 25 Secondary Sources Books Gilmore S and Glennon L, Hayes and Williams’ Family Law (4th edn, OUP 2014) Articles Deech R, ‘Divorce- A Disaster?’ [2009] FLR 1048 Eekelaar J, ‘Family Law- Keeping us â€Å"On Message†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [1999] CFLQ 387 Law Commission, Family Law: The Ground for Divorce (Law Com No 192) [1] Matrimonial Causes Act, s.1(1). [2] [1972] WLR 1073. [3] Children Act 1989, s.2(1). [4] Ibid, s.1. [5] [1955] P 153. [6] [1954] P 394. [7] [1925] 133 LT 320. [8] Serio v Serio (1983) 4 FLR 756. [9] [1974] 1 All ER 498. [10] [1971] 2 All ER 1340. [11] [1974] Fam 47. [12] [1975] 1 WLR 1118. [13] [1972] 1 All ER 582. [14] Children Act 1989, s.1(1). [15] [1973] 1 Fam 107. [16] [1991] 2 FLR 388. [17] (1980) 2 FLR 253. [18] [1993] 2 FLR 762, Butler- Sloss LJ. [19] Royal Commission on Marriage and Divorce (Cmd 9878, 1956). [20] John Eekelaar, ‘Family Law- Keeping us â€Å"On Message†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [1999] CFLQ 387. [21] [1972] 115 SJ 327. [22] [2010] EWCA Civ 125. [23] [2006] 1 FLR 990. [24] Ruth Deech, ‘Divorce- A Disaster?’ [2009] FLR 1048. [25] Law Commission, Family Law: The Ground for Divorce (Law Com No 192).

Car Troubles :: Autobiography Essay, Personal Narrative

Ever since I set eyes on my car, I have had nothing but a headache. Not only is it the loudest car, but it also drifts right into the trees, and it shakes at thirty and sixty m.p.h. Even with all of my car’s faults, nothing prepared me for its final act of cruelty. My lemon died thirty minutes before warm-ups for our big game, and I had the starting line up with me. Laura, Allison, Kristen, Kierra, and I had all packed into my two-door death trap to get a snack at Dunkin Donoughts. Being the responsible upper classman, I made sure we left with ample time to get ready for the game. Unfortunately, there wasn’t enough time in the world to help us with our disaster. We were stopped at a red light howling along to a Lenny Kravitz song, which I now hate, when Kristen nervously uttered,† Meg I think your car stopped running.† I confidently replied, â€Å"Nah!† Well, to my surprise, when I stepped on the gas, we didn’t go anywhere. All of a sudden, I began laughing hysterically and the rest of them chimed in, until, â€Å"BEEP† the light had turned green! â€Å"AAHH!† we shrieked. We finally realized that we were stuck in a useless hunk of metal at Toms River’s busiest intersection. â€Å"What are we gonna do?† I thought. At the time, shrieking and laughing were our best solutions. Finally, as people were going around us, giving us the finger and cursing at us, my four skinny mini passengers got out to push my 2000 lb. pile of tin. As they set out on their mission to rescue us from being stranded in a sea of road rage, all I could do was laugh. The time was twenty minutes until warm-ups and my mighty mouse teammates had managed to push my lemon into Amoco’s parking lot. We had to hurry and this scrap heap running again. Laura yelled,† Maybe it needs anti-freeze!† So, she galloped away to the store and in two minutes she was back with a container of anti-freeze. After we poured the fluid into my car, we tried to start my car, â€Å"Vroom Vroom!† â€Å"Nothing! Shit!† I panicked. So, we decided to stare at the car a little longer hoping the car would tell us what it needed. There were only five minutes of stretching time left, and we were still stranded ten minutes away from school. â€Å"We are so dead,† I thought to myself.

The Advantages of Being Legal

There are many arguments on the question of whether or not to legalize marijuana. The benefits of legalizing marijuana include its medicinal value and its many uses to produce commercial products like paper, rope, oil, textiles, and canvas. Another good reason to legalize marijuana is that hundreds of thousands of non-violent drug offenders are overpopulating prisons, costing taxpayers millions of dollars. Legalization would also put marijuana dealers out of business and it would bring revenue to the government like alcohol and tobacco does. Some opposition to legalizing marijuana is that traffic atalities would increase, and that more people like school teachers and bus drivers would be smoking legally purchased marijuana. They also believe that more young people would smoke more marijuana. Marijuana is medicine and has been used as medicine for thousands of years to treat a wide variety of ailments. It is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known. Marijuana is often useful in the treatment of cancer, AIDS, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and chronic pain. For cancer patients, marijuana alleviates the nausea, vomiting, and loss f appetite caused by chemotherapy treatment. It does the same for people with AIDS. By reducing intraocular pressure, marijuana helps slow or halt the gradual increasing eye pressure suffered by glaucoma patients. Marijuana reduces the muscle pain and spastically caused by multiple sclerosis. It also helps some patients control their bladders. With some epileptic patients, marijuana prevents seizures. Marijuana is also a very effective pain reliever. Hemp, a plant mainly grown for its use as a fiber source, is from the same plant that produces marijuana. It is different because industrial hemp is grown with minute amounts of delta-9 and tetrahydrocannibinol, abbreviated as THC, which is the element in marijuana that gives the high sensation’. Industrial hemp is one of nature’s strongest and most versatile agricultural crops. It can be used to produce various things such as textiles, paper, clothing, plastics, cosmetics, food stuffs, insulation, and animal feed. Hemp seeds can be used to make high protein foods and the oil can be used to produce non-toxic paint, varnish, detergent, diesel fuel, ink, and lubricating oil. One acre of hemp produces as much fiber as two to three acres of cotton and one acre also produces as much paper as two to four acres of trees. The advantage of using paper products produced by hemp is that hemp’s growing cycle is around one hundred days, while it takes trees years to grow to produce the same amount of paper. Hemp was cultivated in the U. S. until 1937, when the Marijuana Tax Act outlawed marijuana. In 1942 the government encouraged American farmers to cultivate hemp for the war effort, but then in 1955 prohibitionists had reasserted a total ban on production. Now the DEA, Drug Enforcement Administration, remains firmly opposed to any notion of revising the federal laws to allow hemp’s domestic cultivation. Every year 400,000 Americans are arrested for marijuana and thousands of them are sent to prison. Marijuana users and dealers account for sixty percent of all prisoners today. Because of new anti-drug laws, these prisoners can be jailed for up to thirty years, and most are, even for minor crimes. Federal and State governments are spending billions to build more prisons to house hundreds of thousands of non-violent drug offenders. Legalization would kill the black market for marijuana. Marijuana sales would be regulated by state and federal governments. It would also help the economy by a reduction in law enforcement costs, and police could focus more on dangerous drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and crystal meth. Some people who oppose the legalization of marijuana say that traffic fatalities would increase. The myth is that 40% of drug related emergency room visits are marijuana related. The fact is that this statistic purposely excludes the legal drug of alcohol, a drug notorious for causing violence and accidents. A marijuana related emergency room visit does not mean marijuana caused the incident. If the patient admits to using marijuana days or weeks before the incident or if someone involved in the incident is found only possessing marijuana, then the emergency room admission is counted as marijuana related. At first, the amount of people using marijuana may increase. The idea that people like school teachers, day care providers, and bus drivers smoking legally purchased marijuana and endangering others is something that should not be worried about. Do these people drink alcohol before going to work or smoke igarettes during work They are mostly responsible adults and if they choose to smoke the legally purchased marijuana, they would do it responsibly. Most recreational marijuana smokers will continue to smoke even if marijuana is never legalized. I was forced to temporarily quit smoking because of the system. I used to occasionally smoke until my room was searched at the college I attended freshman year. I felt that my personal rights were violated when every room on my hall was searched after someone set off a firework. The search was conducted by a R. A. a person who is my age, and it was done without my roommate or I present. Nothing was left in plain sight, in fact, all of the paraphernalia was found in a backpack which was in a filing cabinet that was in my closet. I felt as though I did not commit a crime, but as though I was the victim. As former president Lincoln said, Prohibition goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a man’s appetite by legislation, and a makes a crime out of things that are not crimes. A prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded.

Asian American Literature Essay

The stereotype created of Japanese men as military foes combined nationalism with racism. Since their physique has always been considered small, the danger from the Japanese was perceived to come from the Japanese Superman, possessed of uncanny discipline and fighting skills. Films, often punctuated with racial slurs, were quick to paint Japan’s treachery in battle, its brutality, and disregard for international rules of war. These stereotypic images carried over to Japanese-American men outside the context of the war. Pearl Harbor and the war years enabled Hollywood to revive the yellow peril characteristics and the fear of miscegenation. By the end of the war, Americans had learned to associate brutality and treachery with a Japanese face. Caricatures of the Japanese were found in the cartoons of the period. Warner Brothers, Looney Tunes, created a duck version of â€Å"The Jap† who had glasses, buckteeth and cries â€Å"oh sorry, sorry, sorry† (with slurred r’s). They also created â€Å"Tokyo Jokio† and â€Å"Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips. † The buck-toothed Japanese became a standard cartoon figure. Max Fleischer created a Popeye the Sailor cartoon entitled â€Å"You’re A Sap, Mr. Jap†, which is a song Popeye sings over and over. This cartoon showed the Japanese deceiving Popeye, causing him to cry out righteously: â€Å"Double-Crossing Japanese† The portrayal of women during this period fared no better. The common stereotype was the â€Å"Dragon Lady,† â€Å"Geisha Girl,† and â€Å"Tokyo Rose,† who had a penchant for White men, dressed in tight dresses, and bodies on display. They are sly, cruel, exotic sex objects, or subservient and hardworking. Shirley Geok-Lin Lim, in â€Å"Feminist and Ethnic Literary Theories in Asian American Literature† comments on how â€Å"the image of Japanese-American women usually remains on the margin, invisible, mute or constrained to limited stereotypic images of passion. † The media played on these stereotypes to sell misleading images to audiences, who wanted entertainment that was different from their normal lives and were willing to see and accept anything exotic. The stereotypes of Japanese and Japanese-American women were pervasive in the media because the media perpetuated these stereotypes through their portrayal of Japanese and Japanese-Americans. Unfortunately, for some, they still carry over in the perceptions of the American people. Japanese-Americans are challenging the stereotypical images of the past and have made a voice for themselves in American society. They are fighting against the persistent racism and sexism against themselves by establishing a unifying identity as Americans and monitoring the media’s representations. Although ethnic stereotyping is less common today than it was in the last century, it persists. The images are not so obviously offensive; consequently, many people do not recognize them as stereotypes. In terms of dramatic expression, then, the Japanese film labors under a heavy burden. If it portrays emotion within the traditional Japanese framework, it may achieve authenticity, but the effect is antiquated. If it portrays emotion within the Western framework, it comes across as meretricious and unconvincing. Films that try to blend the two modes often end up antiquated and unconvincing. Yet in animation, which lacks visual realism and features de-Japanized characters to begin with, the expression of emotion paradoxically takes on a more convincing sense of reality. This may explain why most of the serious and ambitious film efforts have used the vehicle of anime. Given the serious dramatic deficiency, Japanese live-action films can no longer tackle any serious or profound subject matter. In the context of contemporary Japanese film, then, anime often conveys a greater sense of reality than live-action films. The thin, insubstantial reality of animated film, that is to say, is more alive — literally, more animated — than the flesh-and-blood reality. And if anime is perceived as more real (i. e. , closer to physical reality) than live-action, this means that, increasingly, anime embodies the Japanese consciousness of reality. The Japanese conception of reality is undergoing a process of animation. The rise of anime as well as manga is a cultural by-product of modern Japan’s tendency to promote modernization and Westernization while rejecting its history and traditions. A medium that fuses elements of East and West, and lacks a clear national identity, could be considered international in a certain sense, and this is doubtless a major reason why anime has so many fans overseas. But the current state of affairs, in which anime represents the mainstream of Japanese cinema, is by no means desirable, inasmuch as it signifies an ever-widening gap between physical reality and people’s conception of it.

Computer Fraud essays

Computer Fraud essays Kashmir Controversy Lately, in the national news, Kashmir has been the hot topic. The intense religious, political, geographical, and economical debates have been heard all over the world, and yet, there has been no conclusion to this war between Pakistan and India. As an Indian myself, it is almost impossible to be unbiased in any kind of analysis of the subject, so I will not attempt to be impartial, but yet present the story as how I, first of all see it, secondly, researched it, and thirdly, believe it. There is a truth behind the Kashmir story, and the Indians and the Pakistanis must understand it. There are real people involved in this governmental affair, and being such an affair, one must realize that it is time to stop the killing and resolve this century-old war between the Muslims and the Hindus. Kashmir was once a tourists paradise. The land has been known for centuries as the greenest and most temperate spot in the Himalayas. A land so beautiful, one could not even pict ure it in their dreams. Clear blue lakes reflects the snow-capped mountains, and lush forests of fir, pine, and spruce lining the rivers. The land was once the summer vacation spot for the British raj as well as the wealthy Indians who wanted to escape the heat of the intense summers of India. However beautiful Kashmir is, the land is valued more than for it natural beauty. The land is a path through the Himalayas to the entire subcontinent. From Kashmir, the rivers Indus, Chenab, and Jhelum flow. These rivers are the primary sources of water for Pakistanis. The land provides for a spy camera on the nearby powerful countries of China, Afghanistan, and the Soviet republic of Tajikistan. The "Kashmir problem" dates back to 1947 and the partition of India and Pakistan. Maharaja Hari Singh, the hereditary ruler of Kashmir, stalled for several months over the decision as to which nation Kashmir would join. Singh, a Hindu ruling a majority-Muslim population...

Examine the role of the contract administrator under a JCT traditional Essay

Examine the role of the contract administrator under a JCT traditional contract in terms of the functions, duties and powers that he is granted as well as the p - Essay Example Most JCT contracts would require the employment and contribution of an architect or a contract administrator who would administer the contract. The contract administrator is the only one who decides which contract to use and should also have the sufficient knowledge to understand the terms and administer contract provisions1. JCT provides the basis or guidelines according to which the contracts could be administered. It is important to understand the JCT guidelines in order to decide on the most appropriate JCT form of contract2. JCT helps in providing the guide for the appropriate contract. Some of the contract forms which do not require a contract administrator include the Contractors Design Form, Building Contract for a home owner/occupier, Construction Management Form and the Management Contract Form. However most construction projects require contracts that implemented by the contract administrator. This essay discusses the crucial role of the contract administrator and highlights the problems associated with failure to carry out the responsibilities of a contract administrator adequately. Powl and Skitmore (2005) have surveyed project managers of construction projects who also have the duties of contract administrator and have claimed that in certain cases project managers are overworked although there may be several hindrances to their effectiveness in the management. Issues that could help in making project managers more effective and productive in their job include more awareness and participation within their own organisation for progress and development of the organisation, more general administrative support and greater responsibilities in matters of contract administration3. The importance of trust and contractual relationships has been highlighted in several studies and the contract administrator is responsible for building this trust

Comparison between the Indiana Constitution and the United States Essay

Comparison between the Indiana Constitution and the United States Constitution - Essay Example The United States Constitution has 7 articles whereas the Indiana Constitution has 16 articles. There are similarities in the articles; each article has sections that elaborate it further. Some articles discuss the same content such the legislative, the judicial and the executive. Differences in the articles: the order in which the article appear is not similar; in the Indiana Constitution the first article is the Bill of Rights whereas in the United States Constitution, the first article is The Legislative Branch. In Indiana Constitution, the Bill of Rights is located in Article 1 and in the United States Constitution the Bill of Rights is located in the Amendments. There are some similarities in the rights explicated; for example, there is right to freedom of press, expression and religion, the right to trial by a jury in a civil case and the quartering of soldiers. Rights not held in common: the right to no slavery or involuntary servitude is not held in common by the two constitutions; Indiana Constitution considers it as a Bill of Rights. In the Indiana Constitution, the distribution of powers is found in Article 3 whereas in the United States Constitution the distribution of powers is found in Articles 1, 2 and 3. Article 3 of the United States Constitution describes the Supreme Court and Article 7 of the Indiana Constitution describes the Supreme Court. Similarities in the article; all the judicial powers are vested in the Supreme Court. Article 7 of the Indiana Constitution gives a thorough description of the roles of the people in the judiciary; the United States Constitution does not. Amendment to the Indiana Constitution is proposed by any branches of the General Assembly. In the United States Constitution, proposal to the amendment of the Constitution can be done when two thirds of each of the houses finds it necessary. The United States Constitution has been amended

Wk4Dis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk4Dis - Assignment Example he tasks and resources needed to realize the strategic goals, budget planning details how the resources will be acquired and distributed across the various tasks and departments. Therefore, budget planning helps the organization realize the tasks that are detailed in the operational plan by allocating human and financial resources. Budget thus planning helps the organization prioritize the activities included in the operation plan based on the required resources and expected returns. Since system thinking is a holistic approach in understanding the organization, it helps improve operation decision making by examining the interactions between various parts of the organization. It helps show how a change in one section will affect other sections in the organization, thereby allowing for well informed decision making. For example, through the system thinking approach, an organization will understand which areas modifications need to be made. In addition, system thinking allows for an organization make decisions that tackle the specific cause of a problem or specific areas where the problem lies since the entire system is analyzed. Deliberate strategies involve the set of intended actions that are taken after careful planning and deliberation. Deliberate strategies require that actions undertaken are not influenced by external forces, and must be accomplished as originally earlier agreed. For example, as noted in the article by Moore (2011), deliberate strategies are formulated based on a preexisting model that is made to fit the organization or industry. Emergent strategies on the other hand are those decisions taken and adapted over time and are not intended. This involves the organization understanding what best works in practice, and such actions are not pre-planned. Emergent strategies are useful in a future strategic planning process because they help the organization when plans fail. These strategies help the organization cope with unexpected events or

Colonial and Revolutionary Eras in America Essay Example for Free

Colonial and Revolutionary Eras in America Essay The colonial and Revolutionary eras in America are not so chronologically distant, yet they are two very different times for America. These two eras are very important parts of America’s history. The transformation of colonial America to Revolutionary America is quick but drastic. To be a colonial American would mean solely relying on God. An American at that time would center their whole life around God. They believed they did not personally own anything. For example, in Anne Bradstreet’s poem â€Å"Upon a Burning House†, Anne implied that it was wrong to feel sorry for the loss of your house or family, because the Puritan belief was that everything is owned by God. Anne considered herself lucky because she was left with the most important thing of all; her life (Chin 78). Anne Bradstreet most captured my attention with her writing style and her pure love of God. Puritans believed that â€Å"if God should let you go, you would immediately sink and swiftly descend and plunge into the bottomless gulf† (Chin 103). It was easy for the British to keep people of the Puritan lifestyle under its crown because of their religious beliefs (Kiracofe) The Revolutionary era is when the colonists began to become more opinionated. The start of the Revolutionary era was when the British began taxing sugar. The sugar act lead to a boycott of buying all British imports. The Boycott put the British in great debt and was eventually repealed. At that point, the colonists discovered that they do have a say in their government. The people of America began relying on logistics and facts instead of their faith. This lead to the Revolutionary war, also called the War of Independence (Higginbotham). More and more people began speaking their mind, such as Phillis Wheatley, an African American who writes a Revolutionary piece of art, praising George Washington for fighting and leading in the Revolutionary war. The colonists began to become more and more individualized from the British. The whispers of rebellion turned into shouts after the Stamp Act. The farmers and merchants of America quickly transformed from strongly religious and peaceful men, into soldiers of the Revolutionary war. Colonial and Revolutionary Americans are two very different groups of people. The colonists were Puritans which means they were highly religiously dependent. Although the Revolutionary Americans did believe that there was a God and that he was on their side, they took their own initiative and fought for their freedom from Britain’s crown. If it were not for Revolutionary thinkers such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, George Washington, and the men who fought for this country, America would still be under the British laws and taxation. We would not have the rights and freedoms we have today. The Revolutionary war has made America for what it is today.

Programming Languages for Data Analysis

Programming Languages for Data Analysis R and Python for Data Analysis Abstract This paper discusses the comparison between the popular programming languages for Data analysis. Although there are plenty of choices in programming languages for Data science like Java, R Language, Python etc. With a whole lot of research carried out to know the strengths of these languages, we are going to discuss any two of these. Data Analytics has been the most important and trusted tool for business and markets. Data Analytics is nowadays making use of SAAS (Software As a Service). For this literature review, two popular languages (R and python) have been studied and evaluated the characteristics to decide which one will be the right language for data analysis. Both Languages shows their own strength and weakness and based on that, to understand the data based processing environments in the Distributed File Systems. Keywords-Programming language; Data analytics; R; Python, Big Data; For an industry to grow in a market is not an easy task. With the help of Data Analytics, it can grow bigger and better. It can help to deliver quick corporate results and a value to business. The major challenge with the data is to process it and then make decisions worth value. Data Crunching requires proper tools and powerful analysis. Out of all languages, we choose two popular language i.e R language and Python for data analysis. We are going to discuss the need of using a programming language in Data Analysis and list some of the characteristics of these two languages. In the end, we will conclude which language performs and delivers in the field of Data Analysis. While carrying out research in Data Analytics, we came across multiple programming languages apart from R and Python which are described below- Julia Not a well-recognized language but hackers surely talk of Julia. It is said to be faster than R upgradable than Python. [5] Java In comparison to R and Python, Java seems less capable in terms of Data Visualization but can be the first choice for the prototype of the statistical system. [6] MATLAB Became popular and was used before the release of python and R. To be good fit as a programming language we should consider different aspects of data analysis. For this review purpose we will broadly classify them as follow- Collection of Raw Data Data is available in variety of format. Programming languages were evaluated in terms of support for various data formats and efficiency in handling them. Data processing Once imported into program, datasets might require cleansing in terms of missing values, unrelated or redundant data values etc. Capabilities to deal with such data were evaluated for programming languages Data Exploration Simplicity of applying commonly used statistical methods like grouping, pattern recognition, switching and sorting is evaluated for programming languages. Data Analysis Availability of special purpose in-built functions and various methods of machine learning and deep analysis are used as evaluation measures. Data Visualization Visualization is important aspect of data analytics. Visualization capabilities of programming languages were evaluated on the basis of ease of creation, simplicity and sharing in various formats. In addition to these capabilities we will discuss a bit about history and accolades of every programming language. We will also discuss popular choices for IDE (Integrated Development Environment) for these1 language. Introduced in 1995, by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, R is implementation of S programming language (Bell Labs). Latest version is 3.1.3 which was released in March, 2015. Rs architectural design and evolution is maintained by R-foundation and R-Core Group. [1] Rs software environment is written primarily in C, FORTRAN, and R. RStudio is very popular IDE used to perform data analysis using R. Primary used for academic research, R is rapidly expanding into enterprise market. [1] A. Collection of Raw Data You can Import data from variety of formats like excel, CSV, and from text files. DataFrames, primary data structure in R, can import files from SPSS or MiniTab. Basically R can handle data from most common sources without glitch. Where R is not so great at is data collection from web. Lot of work is being carried to address this limitation. To name few, Rvest package will perform basic web-scraping while magrittr will parse the information on webpages. [1][3] B. Data Processing It is very easy to reshape dataframe in R. Tasks like adding new columns, populating missing values etc. can be done with just one line of code. Many new packages like reshape2 allow users to manipulate data frames to fit the criteria set per requirements. [3] C. Data Exploration R is built by statisticians. For exploratory work its easy for beginners. Many models can be written with very few lines of codes. With R, users will be able to build probability distributions and apply statistical methods for machine learning. For advance work in analytics, optimization and analysis, users may have to rely on third party packages. [3] Many popular packages like zoo (to work with time-series), caret (machine learning) represent strength of R. Python is loosely bind programming language with very wide user base. D. Data Visualization Visualization is strong forte of R. R was built to perform statistical analysis and demonstrate the results. By default, R allows you to make basic charts and plot graphs which can be saved in variety of formats like jpeg or PDFs. With advance packages like ggvis, lattice and ggplot2 user can extend data visualization capabilities of R program. [1][3] Created by Guido Van Rossum in 1991, Python is inspired by C, Modula-3 and in-perticular ABC. Python software foundation (PSF) is curator for Python language. Current version is 3.4.3/2.7.9 released in Feb 2015/Dec 2014. Python has been popular choice for programmer to build web and multitier applications. In context of data analytics, Python is majorly use by programmers to apply statistical techniques. Coding in python is easy because of nice syntax. [4] IPython Notebook and ANACONDA are popular IDEs used for data analysis using Python. A. Collection of Raw Data In addition to excel, CSV and text data, python also supports JASON and semi-structured data formats like XML and YAML. Using certain libraries, users can import SQL tables into python program [4] Python Request Library facilitates web scrapping, where user can get data from websites to analyze in depth. [2] B. Data Processing To uncover underlying information, Pandas library of python comes handy. Like R, data is held in DataFrames which can be used and reused throughout program without hampering performance. [2] Users can apply standard methods of cleaning data or process data to fill out incompelete information just like R. C. Data Exploration Pandas is very powerful library. Users will be able to group by datavalues and sort them according to timeseries. Comlex grouping clauses like time-series analysis to seconds can be performed on dataframes in python program. D. Data Visualization Using MetaPlotlib [2] library, user can plot basic graphs and chrats from available data-points. For advance visulization, Plot.ly can be used, which is another python library. Users can use powerful IDEs like Anaconda or IPython Notebook to create powerful visualization and convert them into various formats like HTML. In addition to their differences, there are few common positives about both Python and R which make them so popular among data analysts and statisticians. R and Python are distributed under open license which make them free to download and modify per users need. In contrast to other programming tools, like SAS and SPSS, which come with hefty price tag. Being open source, many advancements in statistics will come to python and R first.[6] Both of them are widely loved and supported by big community of statisticians and developers. [6] IDE like IPython Notebook will consolidate your datasets in one file, thereby simplifies your workflow.[2] R has rich ecosystem of cutting edge packages to string your work together which proves useful in particular to Data Analysis.[3] Python is more of general purpose language. Its easy and intuitive, therefor it has simplified learning curve. Pythons testing framework guaranties reusability and reliability of code. R is language developed by statisticians for statisticians while python is easier to learn general purpose programming language.[3] Working through research in programming languages for data analytics, there are many other options which are listed below- Julia Though not yet widely recognized, data hackers talk fondly of Julia. It is regarded as faster than R and more scalable than Python.[5] Java Although java is not as capable as python and R in terms of visualization, it can be primary choice to build prototype for statistical system. [6] KAFKA Developed by linked-in, KAFKA is highly regarded for its real-time analytics capabilities.[6] STORM Storm is framework written in SCALA which saw recent tides of popularity in Silicon Valley MATLAB Excel Used by many statisticians before outburst of python and R. Special thanks to Prof. Oisin Creaner, for presenting this opportunity to dig out for various options available for programming in Data Analytics Ihaka, R. and Gentleman, R., 1996. R: a language for data analysis and graphics. Journal of computational and graphical statistics, 5(3), pp.299-314. Pedregosa, F., Varoquaux, G., Gramfort, A., Michel, V., Thirion, B., Grisel, O., Blondel, M., Prettenhofer, P., Weiss, R., Dubourg, V. and Vanderplas, J., 2011. Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12, pp.2825-2830.. Nasridinov, A. and Park, Y.H., 2013, September. Visual Analytics for Big Data Using R. In Cloud and Green Computing (CGC), 2013 Third International Conference on (pp. 564-565). IEEE. Sanner, M.F., 1999. Python: a programming language for software integration and development. J Mol Graph Model, 17(1), pp.57-61. Bezanson, J., Karpinski, S., Shah, V.B. and Edelman, A., 2012. Julia: A fast dynamic language for technical computing. arXiv preprint arXiv:1209.5145. Fan, W. and Bifet, A., 2013. Mining big data: current status, and forecast to the future. ACM sIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 14(2), pp.1-5.

Essay --

Taking a Stand Not since the start of the 1994/95 football season have we seen standing areas in the top two divisions of the English football league. But yet much like the movie ‘Jurassic Park’ these stands are coming back, without the death and dinosaurs this time however. The cost of ticket prices are now ridiculously high especially considering the economic problems we are in. Average ticket prices in the Premier League are the highest within the four major European leagues, the others being La Liga, Bundesliga and Serie A. The average ticket price of a Premier League game is  £28.30, this is a huge price to pay to see a game of football. This compared to the average price of a ticket to a Bundesliga football match which is only  £10, clearly shows the just how shocking the gulf in prices are. However many clubs can claim that this influx of cash each week is needed to support the ever growing maintenance costs of all seated stadiums and to support the club financially at the s ame time. So if only there was a way to lower the prices yet allow the club to make more money from match attendances. Well my friends I think I have found the cure to this disease. The solution lies in the return of standing areas to football grounds. Now these standing areas would not be the same dangerous, hooliganism plagued standing areas of old; no they would be cheap, safe standing areas. Introducing safe standing areas would lower ticket prices and season tickets dramatically; this can be proven by looking at one of the largest football clubs in the world, Bayern Munich. You would expect a club of such magnitude to have season ticket prices as high as the moon, but you’d be wrong. The lowest costing season ticket for the standing area is only  £150... ...s a credit not only German football but standing areas as well. The premier league should be looking over its shoulder, for everyday they waste squabbling over what to do the Bundesliga gets stronger and will soon be challenging to take over the title of ‘Best League in the World’. Even the lousy, misery filled stadiums of the horrific Scottish Premier League (SPL) have followed Germanys lead, by dropping its ban against standing areas. This shows just how far behind the apparently almighty Premier League is, that essentially an amateur league is further ahead than it is. Fortunately the situation is looking brighter as supporters groups from 12 Premier League clubs have confirmed they are backing a trial for standing areas and despite the fact that progress is slow, the wheels are in motion and it is only a matter of time before the momentum begins to build.

Marketing and Gillette

1. How is the Gillette Series being positioned with respect to (a) competitors, (b) the target market, (c) the product class, (d) price and quality? What other positioning possibilities are there? a. The Gillette Series is positioned as premium to the competition. b. Using the slogan, â€Å"The Best a Man can Get† appeals to the target market not because it is the most convenient or the most price effective, but because of the value that is added to products by building on the popularity of sensor. c. The Gillette Series is positioned as differentiated due to functional attributes through innovation to the product class. . These products are priced at a premium at an index of 10 to 20 percent higher than competition. Many other positioning possibilities are available for Gillette. This brand can position the myriad of products it has separately, or treat itself as a master Brand. The positioning should be the same as the other series of men’s grooming products if Gillet te positions itself as one Brand. However, if it breaks the brand into classes, then there will be a shaving line, a deodorant line, an aftershave line. 2. Is Gillette making the best use of the brand equity that has been created with Sensor?Sensor has been a huge success for Gillette. It makes sense to use the energy of that to tie into the other products offered. The tagline of â€Å"The best a man can get,† is a solid platform for this brand. Since the equity was established for the slogan used and not just Sensor, Gillette is making good use of the equity, since the Sensor is viewed as a product from Gillette, and one that works very well according to consumer response. 3 What strategies do you propose to Gillette? Address the entire marketing mix.Conceivably, a staggered approach may work better for Gillette. Releasing the products at different times as opposed to all at one time would give consumers time to build a prevailing purpose to have faith in a product. The equi ty of sensor may be diluted with too many different products. I would suggest to first scale not only consumer reaction to product quality, but to gauge consumer understanding of the brand. If the Brand is best known for a smooth comfortable shaving razor, then it would be wise to stagger other products based on customer review. Related post: Advantages and Disadvantages of Administrative Management

China, India, and Wal-Mart: Issues of Price, Quality, and Sourcing Essay

1. What are the ethical issues associated with Wal-Mart’s extensive sourcing of low-cost products from China? Wal-Mart pricing is too low. As the world’s largest retailer, Wal-Mart leverages its huge orders to convince factories to sell goods at low prices that are not sustainable. This puts pressure on other brands to pay less, thereby setting a dangerous industry precedent. According to Correspondent Hedrick Smith: â€Å"We heard that story again and again from American manufacturers in sectors as diverse as electronics, apparel, bicycles, furniture, and textiles. They expressed private dismay at the relentless pressure from the likes of Wal-Mart and Target to cut costs to the bone in America and then, when that did not satisfy the mass retailers, more pressure to move production to China or elsewhere offshore. But most did not dare to go on camera and tell their story publicly for fear of jeopardizing their remaining sales to Wal-Mart.† (Smith) Another ethical issue is safety of the products we receive and the working conditions of the outsourced employees. From the Wal-Mart routinely turns a blind eye to poor conditions in supplier factories unless investigations are made public. â€Å"Retailer admits fire safety aspects are not adequately covered in ethical sourcing audits†. (Yardley) Wal-Mart needs more transparent ethical sourcing efforts. â€Å"Wal-Mart buys more than $1 billion in garments from Bangladesh each year, attracted by the country’s $37-a-month minimum wage, the lowest in the world.†(Yardley) 2. Based on your experience, does Wal-Mart sacrifice product quality in order to offer customers low prices  ¾ always? Yes. I don’t really shop at Wal-Mart anymore. I don’t believe the price you pay is for a quality product. I would rather save up my money and buy it from another retailer with a good reputation. I believe in the saying â€Å"You get what you pay for†. I have a problem with how they treat employees and when you go in the stores these days there are definite operation issues: Customers and analysts have noticed the operational problems in the stores, Wal-Mart associates have felt the impact most acutely. In the first national independent poll of Wal-Mart associates, conducted by Lake Research Partners in May and June of 2011, concerns about staffing levels were broadly cited by associates among top three things they would change with the company, after higher pay and more respect on the job. Among the other findings: * Nearly  ¾ say understaffing has created problems such as stock-outs, messy stores and poor customer service; * In contrast to company statements regarding high levels of employee satisfaction, 84% say they would take a better job if they could find one *  ½ say they are living paycheck to paycheck; only 14% describe their household as living comfortably. Across the country the reductions in staffing have translated into significantly increased workloads. A few examples convey the scale of the changes: * An associate in the electronics department in Southern California: â€Å"There used to be four or five people in consumer electronics at any given time, now it’s one or two;† * An associate in overnight stocking in Southern California: â€Å"I used to do five pallets a night, now they say I have to do 12;† * A former assistant manager in Seattle: â€Å"Our store used to have about 600 employees, now it’s about 350.† (Marshall) What advice would you give to critics of Wal-Mart in order to enhance their impact on the company? To enhance their impact on governmental and regulatory agencies? To enhance their impact on society in general? I can’t seem to think of anything or in my research, it has all been negative. I would love to hear what others in our class had to say on this subject and the problem lies that I am not a fan either.